
MIS Laboratory Imagine Cup Web Page
This section of MIS Laboratory is a resource for student and mentor Imagine Cup participants
US Imagine Cup Competition Resources
Books on Giving Great Presentations
Questions the Judges Asked at the US Finals During Q&A
Mentor's Guide to the Imagine Cup
A Student's PR Guide to the Imagine Cup
Imagine Cup Competitor's Overview
How to Create a Great Tech Project
Imagine Cup World Wide Finals Resources Index
The United States 2012 Imagine Cup Team
US Competitors and Mentors travelling to the 2012 Imagine Cup World Finals in Sydney, Australia
Software Design - Team FlashFood
(Arizona State University - Tempe)
-Steven Hernandez
-Jake Irvin
-Katelyn Kerberle
-Eric Lehnhard
-Richard Filley (Mentor)
Mobile Game Design - Team Drexel Dragon
(Drexel University)
-Keith Ayers
-Matthew Lesnak
-Taylor Mullen
-Frank Lee (Mentor)
Software Design People's Choice - The
Miracle Workers (Winona State University)
- Chase Lundstrom
- Parbati Sanjel
- Tauseef Hemayet
Kinect Fun Labs Challenge - Whiteboard Pirates (Clemson University)
- Patrick Dukes
- Austen Hayes
Microsoft USA Chaperones
Jessica Anderson - Marketing Manager, Student Platform
Nora Kelly - Group Audience Marketing Manager, DPE US
Randy Guthrie - Senior Academic Developer Evangelist, US West Region
Lindsay Lindstrom - Senior Academic Developer Evangelist, US East Region
Erin (Ed) Donahue - Developer Evangelist, US East Region
Event and Hotel Address & Contact Info
Sydney Convention and Exhibition Centre,
Darling Harbour, Sydney NSW 2000 Australia
Phone: +61 2 9282 5000 Fax : +61 2 9282 5021
Four Points by Sheraton Sydney, Darling Harbour
161 Sussex Street, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Phone +61 2 9290 4000
Event Agenda and Schedule at a Glance
Day 0 Wednesday & Thursday, 4-5 July Travel to
Australia
Day 1 Friday, 6 July Arrivals/Opening Ceremony
6pm
Day 2 Saturday, 7July Competitions 8am
Day 3 Sunday, 8 July Competitions/Finalist
Presentations
Day 4 Monday, 9 July Finalist Presentations
Day 5 Tuesday, 10 July Showcase/Awards
Ceremony/Student Post-Event Party
Day 6 Wednesday, 11 July Student Departures
|
Day 1 |
Day 2 |
Day 3 |
Day 4 |
Day 5 |
Day 6 |
|
Friday,
6 July |
Saturday,
7 July |
Sunday,
8 July |
Monday,
9 July |
Tuesday,
10 July |
Wednesday,
11 July |
|
ARRIVALS
All WWF competitors must arrive in Sydney no later than 2:00pm
Early Evening
Opening Ceremony |
COMPETITION DAY
8:00am
Competitors Briefings
Competition
Begins
Press Walk Through of Competitor Showcase
10:00pm
Software Design 2nd Round
Announcement
|
COMPETITION DAY
10:00am
Competitions
Continue
3:00pm
Game Design Finalist Announcement
Afternoon/ Evening
Game Design Finalist Presentations
10:00pm
Software Design Finalist
Announcement |
COMPETITION &
CULTURAL ACTIVITY
9:00am
Software Design Finalist Presentations
Afternoon
Cultural Activity
Evening
Women Innovators Dinner |
LEARNING SESSIONS & WORLD FESTIVAL
9:00am
Learning Sessions
4:00pm
World Festival
Awards Ceremony
10:00pm
Closing Party
|
ADE MEETING & STUDENT DEPARTURES
|
How to Get an Expedited Passport
Many of the Imagine Cup 1st and 2nd round competitions end within a month or two of the World Finals. For those students who get invited to travel abroad for the world finals, a current passport is required before we can book your international travel. If you don't have a passport, it is extremely important that you apply immediately upon hearing that you will be traveling abroad to attend the Imagine Cup World Finals. Normal processing times for US passports are 4-6 weeks. Expedited processes times are 2-3 weeks, but you can get a passport sooner in urgent situations. Passport application fees (including expedite fees) are not covered by Microsoft. In 2012 the cost of a normal passport application is $110 plus $25 execution fee = $135. The expedited processing fee is an additional $60, plus overnight delivery fees of $12.72. To save time, you should apply for an expedited passport application in person (not by mail) at a passport processing center. You will need evidence of citizenship and a filled-out application form. For complete information see the US State Department's passport webpage: http://www.travel.state.gov/passport/passport_1738.html . Also see the page on getting your passport in a hurry: http://www.travel.state.gov/passport/hurry/hurry_831.html . Please note that there is no alternate award or prize for students who elect to not travel, or are not otherwise able to attend the Imagine Cup World Finals because they were unable to get their passport, visas, and airfare booked in time to attend.
Foreign Visas
Visas are issued by the country you are visiting, not the US government. The United States enjoys good relationships with many Western countries, and in many parts of the British Empire and part of Europe no visa is required for US citizens travelling on US passports. Most countries in the world do require some kind of visa, and processing times vary depending on the country, but can be up to 6 - 8 weeks. You will need to have your passport before applying for a visa, so the importance of securing a passport immediately once you know you are travling abroad for the Imagine Cup can't be overstated. The US Department of State website has complete information for getting foreign visas for US citizens. The US Department of State web page for visa information is: http://www.travel.state.gov/visa/visa_1750.html . Microsoft has an agency that will help process visa applications, and Microsoft will typically pay the cost of your visa application.
If you are not a US citizen, but are attending school in the United States and representing the US at the Imagine Cup World Finals, your visa requirements may be different than those of your US colleagues. Visa processing times may be much longer depending on the relationship between the country of your nationality and the country you are trying to visit. In some rare but unfortunate cases, some student Imagine Cup finalists have not been able to get a visa to travel to the Imagine Cup World Finals destination in a timely manner and were unable to participate. If you have been advanced to the 2nd round in the Imagine Cup competition, it is a good idea to find out what the visa requirements are and be prepared to apply early if necessary to avoid the possibility of having insufficient time to apply for your visa.
Passport and Visa Information
US Department of State Passport Web Page
Australia Visa:
http://www.eta.immi.gov.au/ Students should get a Visitor ETA. Microsoft employees should get a Short Validity Business ETA. There is a $20AU processing fee. Approvals are usually immediate but you will need your passport to get one. The "visa" is electronic and tied to your passport in Austalian Immigrations database.
Travel Arrangements
Students and
Mentors
Friends,
Family & PR
Travel, Health, Medications and Vaccinations
US State
Department Infor and Advisories for Australia
Travel and Health
Insurance Coverage
Keeping in Touch in Australia
Using a cell phone in Sydney
Keeping in touch with US-based family
& friends
Internet, Power & AV Equipment in Australia
Electric Voltage and Power Conversion
Equipment in the Showcase
Equipment in
the Competition Judging Rooms
Weather and Clothing Considerations
Competition/Judging Clothing
Showcase Clothing
Cultural Event Clothing
Closing Ceremony Clothing
Post Award Ceremony Party Clothing
Packing
How to pack
Checklist
Competition Format, Rules & Venues
Personal Finances and Shopping in Australia
Language and Communications in Australia
Imagine Cup World Wide Finals Resources Details
Travel and
Health Insurance
Many insurance plans have some form of coverage for subscribers who are
travelling to international destinations. Please call your insurance
company and know what is covered and what you need to do in the event of an
injury or illness. In the event you feel your regular coverage is inadequate,
you may want to purchase travel / medical insurance. For US students
travelling to Australia insurance packages can typically run from $75 - $200
depending on the carrier, cost of tickets, and type of coverage. One "platinum"
plan I've looked at covers $50K medical, hotel if flight gets delayed, lost
baggage up to $2,500, emergency dental, etc. Some plans required a
two-week waiting period so if you think you'd like some addtional peace of mind,
don't delay. Microsoft does not recommend any insurance carrier, but an
Internet seach will turn up lots of different companies that are associated with
names/brands that you recognize.
Keeping in Touch in Australia
Using a cell phone in
Sydney
At the Imagine Cup World Wide finals, it is extremely important to be able to
communicate at a moment's notice between student participants, the US ADE team
and the World Wide Imagine Cup event organizers. There are LOTS of moving
parts in the event, and making sure everyone is where they need to be, at the
time they need to be there, dressed appropriately, with the proper gear,
equipment, etc. is a major undertaking. This can be complicated by last
minute changes to schedules due to an infinite number of possible reasons.
It is highly recommended that each team have a GSM 900/1800 mobile phone that
will work in Australia. Many US mobile phone providers have
"international" calling plans, but the cost ranges between $1.75 and $3.00 per
minute. A much less expensive alternative is to purchase a pre-paid SIM
card from a local provider. The pre-paid card will give you a local Sydney phone number and some
increment of 100 minutes of calling time. The
phones should be kept charged and left on when you (students and mentors) are in
the hotel room. We have had a case in the past where a team missed their call to
the stage to be advanced to the next round because they got confused at the time
and we couldn't find them.
Most phones that use SIM cards purchased from a US cell phone providers such as
Sprint, ATT, T-Mobile are "locked" so that they will only work with that
company's SIM cards. There are special codes that the company has that can
unlock a phone so it will accept a SIM card from any provider. If you want
to get your phone unlocked, the easiest way is to call your service provider and
asked to get the phone unlocked. I did this successfully with
ATT and my Samsung Focus WindowsPhone. When I arrived in Cairo, Egypt
for the 2009 Imagine Cup finals and Warsaw, Poland for the 2010, I went to a local Vodafone store and bought a
pre-paid 100 minute SIM card for $18 that gave me a local phone number.
It took about 10 minutes at the store and I was all set up. When I got
home I put my ATT SIM card back in and it worked fine. I expect you can do
the same in Sydney. If your service
provider won't unlock your phone for you, you can have it done for a fee from a
variety of places including
http://www.unlockingcodesforphones.com. From what I've found, "disposable" phones
are not an option in Australia.
Keeping in touch with US-based family
& friends
Australia is 3-6 hours behind us by time calculation of the US (depending on
where you call home). But since they are over the International Date Line, they
are actually 15-18 hours ahead of us according to the calendar. That is why you
will leave on a Wednesday and arrive on a Friday. So when friends and family
back in the US call you in the morning their time, they are going to wake you up. Here is a little conversation
table:
|
Australia |
Pacific |
Arizona |
Mountain |
Central |
Eastern |
|
8am |
3pm |
3pm |
4pm |
5pm |
6pm |
|
12pm |
7pm |
7pm |
8pm |
9pm |
10pm |
|
8pm |
3am |
3am |
4am |
5am |
6am |
|
12am |
7am |
7am |
8am |
9am |
10am |
The bottom line: mornings in Sydney are the best time to reach family and friends in the US, and you'll most likely be busy during those times, so plan accordingly!
Within the Imagine Cup venue there will be reliable high-speed wireless
Internet. Guest rooms will also have free wired internet access, but
in-room wireless costs $$$. Be careful that you don't "accidently" sign up
for in-room wireless charged to your room because Microsoft will not reimburse
you for Internet charges.
Since students will be sharing a room, you might want to bring a small
switch/router and a few cables to facilitate connection sharing in the room. The
best / least expensive way to stay in touch with US-based family and friends is via Skype. You can also call non-Skype users for about $.02 (two
cents) per minute anywhere in the world, plus send SMS text messages and video calls. For small
extra fees you can get a phone number that people can call you on, a voice mail
box, and even call forwarding to your cell phone. Considering that a ten-minute
long distance call from the hotel or your cell phone will cost between $20 - $50
, You could talk for hours on Skype for less than that. One way I keep in touch
with family and fans at home is that I have a US Skype-in phone number that I
forward to the local phone number that comes with the prepaid SIM card on my
mobile phone. That way someone at home can call a local US phone number and my
mobile phone in Australia rings and I only pay the cheap local phone minutes
instead of International calling rates on my cell.
To use Skype you will need speakers, ear buds or headphones and a microphone connected to your computer. Most
newer notebook computers have integrated microphone, speakers and camera that
works great. Some frequent Skype users purchase inexpensive "headsets" such as the
Microsoft Lifechat LX-3000, which is a very high quality digital headset
with boom microphone that retails on Amazon.com for about $21 plus shipping. Not
only is this headset great for voice conversation, you'll be amazed at how good
music and video sounds.
Internet, Power & AV Equipment in Australia
Electric Voltage and Power Conversion
Australia uses 240 volt and 50 Hz (cycles per second). The United States uses
110 volts at 60 HZ. Fortunately most electronic equipment, particularly
computer equipment is dual voltage. If you look at the power brick on your
notebook power supply, if it says something like " INPUT: 100-240V ~
50/60HZ then you have a dual voltage power supply and you won't need a voltage
converter for that device. My cell phone charger is also dual voltage, but
you have to check yours to make sure. What isn't dual voltage is the plug at the
end of the cord. Australia uses a v-shaped blades (Type-I AS 3112) plus ground type system rather
than the two parallel blade-type plug that we use in the US. My suggestion
is for each member of your team to go to
Radio Shack or Amazon.com and buy a single plug converter
and bring a US power strip and voila! you can now plug five US appliances into
your single Australia/China plug. The price of one of these should be between $8 - $10.
If someone is trying to sell you something that costs $50 or more, run away!
They are trying to sell you a voltage converter that you don't need.
Caution! Some common travel items that
may not be dual voltage include blow dryers, curling irons, electric tooth
brushes, etc. Don't assume with these items; check the tag or labels!
Don't bring them if they won't run on 240v 50hz unless you (1) want to
ruin the device and (2) want a really spectacular electrical fire in your room
complete with sprinklers, foreign firefighters and hotel staff screaming at you.
In order to guard the fairness and integrity of the
competitions at the Worldwide Finals in Sydney, Microsoft will offer the same
set of benefits, services, and rules for each team within each competition and
in the Showcase. More specifically: One physical work station area will be
provided for each Software Design, Game Design, Embedded Development and Digital
Media team in the Showcase to set up their equipment (dimensions of this space
are approximately 150x50cm). One VGA monitor per team will be provided in the
showcase. Note that Digital Media will also have a separate assigned room with
additional workspace outside of the Showcase. XBox/PC Game teams should bring
their own sound amplifiers and speakers with appropriate Xbox and/or PC
adapters. Make sure the speaker power adapter is dual
voltage!
Power adaptors will be provided based on previous requests made in the
competitor surveys. Note that power in Australa is 240V/50Hz and uses a “Type-I
AS 3112 ”
connector. It is highly suggested that each team bring several of their own
adapters and power strips as explained in the "Electric
Voltage and Power Conversion" section above.
Audio, Video and Network configuration services will be provided to help each
team configure their presentation equipment both for the Showcase and in the
Judging Rooms.
Equipment in the Competition Presentation Judging Rooms
Each team in Software Design will be responsible for providing
its own computer(s) for the competition, but one back-up desktop machine can be
provided if the team can prove that their own machine has failed and they need a
temporary replacement.
Each team in Embedded Development, Game Design and Digital Media will have some
computers and necessary auxiliary equipment provided (e.g.: for Digital Media
this will include (1) Flip video camera with a desktop computer to act as a
video editing workstation).
Judging Rooms for Software Design, Embedded Development and Game Design
presentations will be equipped with:
(1) 180cm x 70cm table
(2) 42” flat screen monitors, each with a 4-input KVM switch for accommodating
multiple sources
(3) Network connections as necessary (wired and wireless)
Note: these judging rooms are typically smaller
suites at the convention center.
Teams will have about 20 minutes to set up before their presentation, and will
not have access to these rooms in any way prior to their competition time slot.
Be prepared! Have a back up plan and back up equipment and lots of
different cables and adapters.
A Survey will be sent to Finalist teams shortly after 1 June in order to assess the equipment the teams will be bringing to the finals. Requests for power adapters will be part of this survey. The basic rule of thumb for bringing competition equipment into and out of Australia is that students should consider the equipment as “personally owned” and that it will not be given or sold while in Australia – the items that you bring into the country will also be with you when you leave the country. Therefore there is no need for you to declare customs on this and you can proceed through the "nothing to declare" line. For any equipment or valuables above that of a laptop, we recommend that they carry original receipts if available, but not necessary.
Any equipment outside of these baseline provisions will be up to the competitors to procure, deliver to Sydney, etc. We do have some contacts that could help them with that process but the responsibility is completely up to the teams.
Weather and Clothing Considerations
Since Australia is south of the equator, it will be the middle of winter. Sydney has approximately the same latitude as San Diego, Californa The daytime weather in Sydney during the time the Imagine Cup competition will be held averages in the mid 50s to low 60s. Rain showers are possibility as the seasonal average is for two inches of rain to fall during the month, but on average there are 20 sunny days in July. During the event we will be inside almost the entire time except for the cultural activities in and around the city on Monday July 9th. You may also find yourself walking between the hotel and the convention center, or walking about downtown during your free time so bring something to keep off the rain. The dress code at the Imagine Cup tends towards the casual. For the Microsoft Corp team running the event, denim jeans and polo shirts or event tee-shirts with comfortable shoes will predominate. The US team will be given several event tee-shirts that will be appropriate for use anytime / place during the Imagine Cup finals. From team to team and country to country, dress will be all over the place, from extremely casual to very formal. Teams are to dress according to their country's standards and do not have to worry about adhering to Australian or foreign expectations.
All students on a team should have a similar appearance. You do not need to match exactly, but extreme deviations between team members should be avoided. Teams may wear the Imagine Cup shirts that will be provided by your US Microsoft sponsors, matching school shirts with tan slacks, or more formal dark slacks/skirts with collared shirts & ties, jackets, or any other conservative clothing the team deems appropriate. Comfort and avoiding an appearance that distracts the judge's attention away from your technology presentation are the priority. Some teams have worm their team tee-shirts for Round One, school logo shirts for Round Two, and business suits for Round Three.
The Showcase is an exhibit hall type venue similar to a Science Fair with each team having a booth. Dignitaries, media and event guests will wander the Showcase to view the different projects. Members of the Microsoft PR team and other media outlets such as television and Internet news outlets may have cameras and sound equipment and want to talk to you (students) about their projects. That being said, student clothing should be clean, neat (not wrinkled!) and similar, but can be comfortably casual.
Cultural Event Clothing
On Tuesday, July 6th there will be a variety of off-venue cultural tours for
attendees visiting places of historical or cultural interest. These tours
will consist of bus rides and lots of walking. There is also the potential for a
harbour, river or lake-type excursion. Attendees should dress comfortably, but with
particular attention to comfortable shoes. A hat to keep the sun off is a
good idea, as is a windbreaker in case of rain. A small backpack to keep
personal items together and to carry water is a great idea. A small collapsible
umbrella is also a good idea.
Closing Ceremony Clothing
The Closing/Awards ceremony is the highlight of the Imagine Cup, and lasts
between two and three hours (think Academy Awards night). There will be
several speeches, some kind of cultural show, and a video summary of the event.
Winners will be invited on stage to receive trophies and giant prize money
"checks", and have pictures taken. That being said, students will either
wear their country's team shirts or something a bit dressier. Unlike the
closing ceremony in Cairo that was held outdoors in the desert, Imagine Cup 2012
closing ceremony will be in a formal theatre-type venue, which suggests a slightly
more formal appearance might be in order for finalists. Most of the US
finalist teams last year wore business formal attire (suits and jackets).
Students that know they are not winning awards (because you didn't advance) can
dress casually, but since there will be lots of press, and probably a showcase,
you should wear your team shirts at least.
Post Award Ceremony Party
After the awards ceremony there will be party back at the hotel that will last
until about 1am. This is very casual and there is some food, drink and
music. Last year there was a DJ playing electronic/club music and the US
team got the party started with some dancing that eventually got everyone out
there having a good time. Wear whatever you like!
http://www.facebook.com/home.php?#!/video/video.php?v=563705752124
Only pack items into your checked-bag that are non-essential to your competition. Baggage does get lost, and at least one team each year is unable to compete because their project hardware was lost by the airline. Clothing, toiletries and other generic/easily-replaceable items are the rule. Computers, project hardware and essential software (and backups) should be carried on board the plane with you.
Checked Baggage: Unless you are a frequent flier, for International Travel you will be restricted to one piece of checked luggage that cannot exceed fifty pounds in weight. This is easy to exceed if you over-plan for contingencies. Overweight or excess baggage charges are very high $100 - $200 (United Airlines example used). Even within the 50lb weight restriction, fitting all your stuff into your bag can also be a challenge. Here are some tips:
Tightly roll your shirts and pants individually. Rubber bands can help keep rolled items tight. Start at the bottom wedging them in between the internal metal bars into which the extension handle retracts. Hard soled shoes can go in here too if they fit but keep them near the bottom with the soles against the side of the suitcase (to keep the bottoms of the shoes from getting your clothes dirty)
Put any hard items in next i.e.: toiletries, routers, power bricks, power strips, etc. Orient heaviest items so they are at the "bottom" of the suitcase when it is in the "rolled" upright position.
Stuff your socks into your shoes. This keeps the toes of the shoes from being smashed and fills up an otherwise unused void.
The top-most layer can be unrolled items you don't want to get wrinkled i.e.: suit jacket and trousers, but put a soft top layer on top of those like a sweatshirt to protect against a dirt and tearing if the zipper fails on your suitcase or the suitcase fabric gets punctured.
Carry-on Luggage: Put at least one change of clothes and two changes of underwear in your carry-on bag. Also a small zip-lock bag with your essential toiletries (keep sizes under the 3oz limit). If you miss a connection and get delayed for any extended period of time, or the airline loses your luggage, you'll be glad you've got something to change into. A comfortable hoodie sweatshirt would be nice too. I would put any essential project hardware (like Xbox controllers, your ebox, and your 240v power adapter and power strip in there as well. Then fill it with some of the loose stuff from your other suitcase to reduce its weight if necessary.
Carry-on Backpack: Here is my list:
Notebook computer
Spare computer battery (nobody make a battery that lasts 12+ hours!)
Computer Power brick
Essential tech accessories: cell phone charger, USB cable, 7ft Ethernet cable
Pack of baby wipes
toothbrush (no paste; don't want security to have an issue)
Black pens (necessary for filling out customs forms on the plane both upon arrival in Australia and upon returning to the US)
Passport and Passport card (and Trustred Traveller card if you have one)
One or two paper-back books (1 book = 6-8 hours of reading). I tend to sleep more on the way back due to being exhausted from the event. So I bring a third in my carry-on bag.
Headphones/Headset: now is when you want to rock those sweet noise-cancelling ones (don't forget the spare batteries for them!)
Bring a back-packing pillow (Slumberjack is a personal preference). It is more versatile than a "neck donut" and compresses really small to fit in your backpack. I actually bring both for International travel
Soft foam earplugs: Get from Wal-Mart for a couple of bucks (get the super soft ones). Great for blocking out airplane noise, crying babies, the guy snoring next to you, awful in-flight movie, etc. especially when you are trying to get a couple hours sleep.
Personal Finances and Shopping in Australia
We do not recommend that you carry a lot of cash with you during your Imagine Cup stay. US currency will only be accepted at airports in the US. Once you are in Australia you will need to use local currency. The good news is that your credit cards and ATM cards will be acceptable and the foreign exchange rate is calculated for you. A couple of guidelines to make sure you don't run into financial trouble:
Visa and MasterCard are accepted most places in the city. But Visa gift cards (like what Microsoft will give you may not work. Visa debit cards also will work, as long as they are tied to a checking account. ATM cards will also work as long as they are tied to a major ATM network, and are linked to a checking account (not a savings account). If you are worried about identity theft, then open a separate checking account, and only put a limited amount of cash in it (say $300). that way even if the card gets lost / stolen, you're liability is limited.
When you check into the hotel you will need to use a major credit card to use for the security deposit. A Visa debit card may be accepted, but they will put a hold on $300 that you won't have access to. If your balance isn't that high, then the card will be declined. Gift cards (like what we'll give you for expenses) will also not be accepted. If you don't want to bring a major credit card, then contact the hotel directly and give them a valid card number of someone who trusts you over the phone a day or two before you arrive.
While the Imagine Cup venue is very safe, we recommend that you use a travel wallet or keep your wallet in a zipped inside pocket if you are carrying valuables. Keep your passport in your room during the Imagine Cup event.
Other Safety Considerations
Dangerous Animals
Australia boasts the most potentially-dangerous animals in the world. In our
downtown setting, you won't have to worry (much), but you should be aware that
there are jelly-fish with lethal stings in the ocean, and crododiles in almost
every fresh-water stream, river, swamp, and estuary. Never stand directly on the
bank of a stream, river, pond or swamp, or lean over the railing of a boat on
fresh water. If planning a dip in the ocean, then check with local authorities
about safety. In many parts of Australia, swim beaches are protected by nets to
keep out the jellyfish.